Universa

Universa Platform is a new generation of blockchain technology. It uses a contract execution machine and distributed state ledger designed to improve on Bitcoin and Ethereum technologies by delivering improvements that are imperative for business adoption, with an emphasis on tokenization and contractual agreements. Where traditional blockchains transact primarily in currencies, Universa is designed to support token representation of everything from passports to boarding passes, bus tickets or taxi fares; they can be gift cards, vouchers, or gym membership cards. You might make a token representing your title deed, or just the keys to the house.

While traditional blockchains record a full trustless ledger of all actions, transactions and their effects on a network, Universa improves speed and usability by maintaining an directed graph of the verifiable hashes of the output of all actions. In other words, instead of stacking blocks to make a single full ledger, each set of changes to a contract is applied by the clients in a separate contract chain to the previous state, and the outcome is vectorized and hashed – only a signed signature of the state of each side-chain gets updated as the new status of the blockchain, discarding the old state and storing the new one. Still, each chain keeps it's own history, and any node with a copy of the transactions can attempt to replay them and verify that the outcome is the same, which ensures validity and fairness in a trusted environment.